Some People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior free essay sample

Question: . Some people believe that group sport as football or hockey too competitive and encourage the worst side of human behavior They should be replaced by non-competitive exercise- based activities like jogging swimming that also keep us fit. What do you think? Playing sports is beneficial for our health, especially for people who have lots of work to do, which takes up much sporting time nowadays. There are two types of sports: competitive sports and non-competitive sports. In some sense two or more people who exercise together can be called a competition (Competitive sports 2009, p. online). People who like sports have their own reasons for choosing different types of sports. On the whole, competitive sports are team work. Joining the game is the best way to show yourself and a â€Å"must win† attitude is essential (Competitive sports 2007, p. online). At the same time, we should study how to get along well with each other, and not just show off; that will serve to isolate us. We will write a custom essay sample on Some People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s the why and wherefore we must have competition rules. However, competition does exist. It’s fierce on losers. They may not only loss the game, but also lose their faith. So, before we join competitive sports, we must make sure we can admit defeat. When we play sports such as football, badminton etc, we also have to look after our bodies because competitive sports make people try their best to win the game; we need to protect our bodies from harm (Competitive sports 2009, p. online). On top of that there’s a wide variety of non-competition sports like street boarding. Maybe competition sports can be time-consuming compared with non-competitive sports, which ofter more personality and convention. There is no time limit. We can enjoy ourselves. Non-competitive sports mean we just challenge ourselves. Most of the non-competitive sports are conditions our body through the many exercises; we can believe that it is a good way to improve our bodies. It benefits our health both physically and psychologically. Though practice we become more confident and stronger. When we enjoy non-competitive sports, safety is very important. Lots of games are dangerous for us. Engaging in more sports than your body can assume, may harm it. After you know the rules you must find an expert person to teach you if you are playing street boarding for the first time. Which one is better for us to play? The answer depends on our hobbies, physical fitness and time. In other words, if we don’t like to eat onions but we eat them maybe we will feel terrible. But from my point of view, everyone likes sports. There are no exceptions because sports are exciting. Generally, competition sport maybe suits most persons who like challenges entrance can choose non-competitive sports. Both these two sports give us the motivation to win the game. References Competitive sports (2009), Time for change [Online]. Available at: http://www. china. org. cn/english/features/Brief/193368. htm. [Accessed 12 October, 2009] Competitive sports (2009), Time for change [Online]. Available at: Http://www. dailyecho. co. uk/news/1066958. school_sports_days_put_children_off_sp ort_mp/[Accessed 12 October, 2009]

Oxidation and Reduction Reaction Example Problem

Oxidation and Reduction Reaction Example Problem In an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction, it is often confusing to identify which molecule is oxidized in the reaction and which molecule is reduced. This example problem shows how to correctly identify which atoms undergo oxidation or reduction and their corresponding redox agents. Problem For the reaction:2 AgCl(s) H2(g) → 2 H(aq) 2 Ag(s) 2 Cl-Identify the atoms that undergo oxidation or reduction and list the oxidizing and reducing agents. Solution The first step is to assign oxidation states to each atom in the reaction. AgCl:Ag has a 1 oxidation stateCl has a -1 oxidation stateH2 has an oxidation state of zeroH has a 1 oxidation stateAg has an oxidation state of zero.Cl- has a -1 oxidation state. The next step is to check what happened to each element in the reaction. Ag went from 1 in AgCl(s) to 0 in Ag(s). The silver atom gained an electron.H went from 0 in H2(g) to 1 in H(aq). The hydrogen atom lost an electron.Cl kept its oxidation state constant at -1 throughout the reaction. Oxidation involves the loss of electrons and reduction involves the gain of electrons.Silver gained an electron. This means the silver was reduced. Its oxidation state was reduced by one. To identify the reduction agent, we must identify the source of the electron. The electron was supplied by either the chlorine atom or the hydrogen gas. Chlorines oxidation state was unchanged throughout the reaction and hydrogen lost an electron. The electron came from the H2 gas, making it the reduction agent. Hydrogen lost an electron. This means the hydrogen gas was oxidized. Its oxidation state was increased by one.The oxidation agent is found by finding where the electron went in the reaction. Weve already seen how hydrogen gave an electron to silver, so the oxidation agent is the silver chloride. Answer For this reaction, hydrogen gas was oxidized with the oxidizing agent being silver chloride. Silver was reduced with the reducing agent being H2 gas.

Constant head permeability Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constant head permeability - Lab Report Example Permeability as defined above is the capacity of sample of soil to allow the passage of water through it. It is also referred to as hydraulic conductivity. The coefficient of permeability is the velocity of flow that is generated by the hydraulic gradient of unity as stipulated by Darcy’s law which is given by the formula: 6. The tamping device is then used to compact the soil layer. About 10 rams per layer are recommended in order to provide a uniform coverage of the surface of the soil. The process should be repeated until the soil layer is within the range of 2 cm. 10. The bottom of the outlet valve is opened and raised to a given height in order to achieve a reasonable steady flow of water. Enough time should be allowed for the pattern of flow of the water to stabilize. 11. The time taken to fill a volume of 750-1000 ml using the graduated cylinder and the temperatures of the water recorded. This process is repeated three times and the average time, volume and average temperature computed. From the foregoing, it is clear that the value of the coefficient of permeability has been determined using the constant head test and found to be 0.2333 cm/s. as indicated earlier that the constant head test is appropriate for permeability’s of soils where k>10 – 4 cm/s, this has been proven to be consistent with the results obtained. Constant Head Permeability Test in Sand, University of Texas at Arlington Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory Test Procedure. Retrieved from: http://www.uta.edu/ce/geotech/lab/Main/Soil%20Lab/08_Permeability/permeability_lecture%20note.pdf. Accessed on 15th April

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reflection Paper - Assignment Example In my well-thought opinion, I would like to define forgiveness as an act of reconciling sand whole heartedly forgetting about the past mistakes and faults committed by an individual. Meaning, when one is forgiven, all their perceived past misdeeds which might have caused some discomfort or felt below the overall standards of the organization should be forgiven. According to this definition, forgiveness should be exercised without considering any boundary. In other words, it should be unconditionally granted without putting any conditions to the person who is believed to have committed any offence or done any mistake. This is why it should be offered whole heartedly in order to free both the involved parties. As an ethical leader, I would always advocate for forgiveness within my organization. This implies that I would urge and appeal to everyone under my leadership to always consider forgiving one another regardless of the magnitude of the fault. However, in order to appeal most to them, I would have to demonstrate an element of forgiveness in the workplace. This would be done by acting as a role model who can be emulated by others. Once all my colleagues and juniors perceive me as a forgiver, they would have to copy me because it is a good and virtuous quality which they should all possess. The other way through which I would demonstrate forgiveness is by organizing for counseling sessions, formulating pro-forgiveness policies and instituting a panel to handle forgiveness-related issues. This would promote forgiveness at all times. The sentiments echoed by Caldwell & Dixon in â€Å"Love, Forgiveness, and Trust: Critical Values of the Modern Leader† can be of great importance to any organization if properly implemented. As these authors exclaim, love, forgiveness and trust are core values which need to be fostered. True to their observations, they

Managerial Ethics & Social Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Ethics & Social Issues - Essay Example Management varies from organization to organization, in analyzing the case study involving the controversial conflict between the Firestone Tire Company and the Ford Car Company the managerial, ethical and social issues are brought clear into the play. The ethical and the social issues concerning management require that the management is involved in making decision when tough challenges arise and the decision should not be biased. .Both the Ford Car Company and the Firestone Tire Company had been enjoying mutual benefit not until the controversy happens. No one was ready to take the blame on the basis of damaging the reputation of the company. The National Highway Traffic Administration was tasked with the obligation of investigating why there was tire failure on the Ford Explorer Sport Utility Vehicles. It come clear that Firestone tyre had very high failure rates with threads peeling off causing the over rolling of the vehicle killing the occupant. Management of Firestone tyre Comp any could not take the blame easily sitting that the tyres were functioning well with other vehicles so the problem was the Ford SUVs. In my view both companies had to be blamed reason being they have been enjoying mutual benefit for quite a while and the problem could have been due wrong tyre size specification. Its objective of the management to ensure that product or service delivered or offered to the customer should be satisfactory incase of any problem the organization should be held responsible. In the case above Ford should be responsible to the victims while Firestone Company should be responsible to the Ford Car Company. In applying the three ethical theories in regard to manufactures responsibility; starting with the contractual theory which is more customer based, it concerns the contract between the customer and the organization. It entails the agreement that is duly signed, it requires that the customer is correctly informed about the product and incase of any problem

Jm Coetzees Waiting For The Barbarians English Literature Essay

Jm Coetzees Waiting For The Barbarians English Literature Essay This semester, we have looked at several works that have incorporated the theme of identity. One in particular, Waiting For The Barbarians by J.M. Coetzee , makes prevalent use of objectification language in establishing identity. Whether for the purpose of making torture easier for the torturer, or for simply creating a class for the purposes of social â€Å"planning† (i.e. conquest), objectification language is used by the characters in the story to make certain that we, as the reader, have an equally difficult time avoiding the objectification that the characters themselves are guilty of. Objectification involves establishing the identity of the â€Å"other† as well as the self in contrast to the other in whatever forms it may take. In this paper, I will briefly examine and respond to three critical analyses of Coetzee, each addressing the concept of objectification to some degree, then I will examine a typical critical response to the concept of objectification of t he self that argues that any serious intellectual analysis of the self must involve a degree of detachment. Is this same level of detachment necessary when analyzing the concept of the identity of the other? After all, Waiting For The Barbarians is only a book, right? By writing his poignant portrayal of the evils of humanity that sees itself as less than human, what is Coetzee trying to say? Can we escape the need to objectify? To begin, let us first look at Coetzees novel itself. It has the convenient quality of taking place in a completely fictional world that only resembles South Africa. At first glance, this would appear to be for the purpose of allowing the author creative exercise, as well as getting us to suspend disbelief. However, is this really necessary? Why cant his story take place in our specific history? Fictionalization gives us the ability to make poignant messages because the elements are all controllable. Youre dealing with a completely fictionalized world, so certain images can take on as much symbolic meaning as you wish, thus allowing for greater dramatic effect. Coetzees not just trying to tug at our heartstrings; such sentimentality would be insulting to an intelligent audience (if you have to resort to emotional appeals, what can really be said for the actual truth-value of your claim?). Instead Coetzee, by fictionalizing his work, is demonstrating how we cant escape this objectific ation. His character of the Magistrate, while the protagonist of the story, objectifies constantly in the novel. His dealings with the barbarian girl, intimate to the point of being sexual, are really no more personal than that between a lab technician and a guinea pig. The Magistrate (i.e. Coetzee) never even bothers to learn, or even invent, the girls name. His desire to help the barbarian girl, while good intentioned, is patronizing in the extreme. It is the same type of romantic notion as that of the â€Å"Noble Savage:† well-intentioned, but ultimately a figment of ignorance.   Besides, for every â€Å"Noble Savage,† there is a â€Å"Savage Noble.† The character of Colonel Joll, while guilty of objectification, is not guilty of the same variety as that of the Magistrate. He knows full well that the barbarians are no threat to the Empire, but he knows that their existence is necessary in order to preserve the social order. When no problems are left â€Å"outside,† they can only come from inside. His understanding of the barbarians only goes so far as necessary to assign them a motive, something that he can tell his superiors. This motive, of course, is completely fabricated, which begs the question, was his torture of the old man in the beginning even necessary? Does it simply serve to portray Joll as a sadistic murderer? I will now examine a critical response to Coetzees use of torture. Susan Van Zanten Gallagher discusses Coetzees moral dilemma in writing about torture and how he goes about trying to solve it. In responding to Coetzees two problems in writing about torture, namely that there is a fine line between portrayal of torture and the glorification of it, and thus exploiting the pain of the afflicted, and that of how to portray the torturer, Gallagher writes: â€Å"†¦in his allusions to un-centered language and the death of the metaphysics of presence, Coetzee also points to the moral vacuum that allows torture to exist in the contemporary world.†This moral vacuum involves objectification, detaching oneself from the moral (often emotional) issues.   Of the Magistrate, Gallagher writes: â€Å"with his combination of sexual and authorial images, his antonymic articulations, and his failure to discover meaning in words, the Magistrate seems to be wandering in the wilderness of deconstructive criticism†and that his â€Å"sexual and linguistic failures demonstrate his lack of authority.† Coetzee writes of him having looked into himself and seeing â€Å"only a vortex and the heart of the vortex oblivion.†Gallagher suggests that this is allegorical of how the author who chooses to write about torture â€Å"must struggle to articulate torture without falsifying it, to understand and to depict oppression without unconsciously aiding the oppressor, to find texts transparent enough to carry meaning.†One aids the oppressor by inventing the language that allows the oppressor to rationalize his actions. This objectification language is obvious in the rhetorical tool employed by Coetzee in creating an allegory that takes place in another time, albeit, a very self-aware one. As Gallagher puts it, â€Å"the effect of this time displacement is to reveal truths about any oppressive society, any society that employs torture as a technique.†In the name of intellectual â€Å"truth-revealing,† Coetzee has created a contrived world that only resembles the world in the ways that he needs it to in order to prove his point. By removing the concept of torture from a real social context, he can assign his own motivations to the torturers. By doing this, is he trying to ignore the real reasons people torture each other, or is he aware of this, and only uses this to demonstrate that we can only find truth if we fabricate it? Gallagher concludes her article by saying that â€Å"Coetzee identifies the absence of moral authority that results in torture with the absence at the heart of contemporary literature since the advent of deconstructive criticism.† This absence is of the ability â€Å"to write and proclaim the truth about this kind of oppression†¦completely and effectively.†By fabricating his own context for the torture that he portrays, Coetzee is able to accomplish this, albeit a little unscrupulously. Its almost like creating a laboratory model where your theory holds true because you can ignore all compromising circumstances. By isolating his narrative in his own fabricated context, hes guilty of objectifying. He is asserting that all instances of torture are motivated by the same primary factors (hatred, etc.). However, I dont believe that this wasnt intentional. Coetzee is simply demonstrating that the only way to establish â€Å"truth† about a subject is to detach your self from it. We can thus establish what makes the torturers all the same, as well as identify what distinguishes the torturers from us, the reader. This kind of objectification language, the â€Å"perfect-world† scenario where youre always right, can lead to some interesting realizations, as long as one understands that its only fiction, and that the moral â€Å"truths† it espouses may not be applicable to the real world. It is also not the only kind of objectification that Coetzee employs in Waiting†¦. He also uses the concept of â€Å"literary† foreignness to highlight the short-comings of allegory. Rebecca Saunders, in her article â€Å"The Agony and the Allegory: The Concept of the Foreign, the language of Apartheid, and the Fiction of J.M. Coetzee, writes that â€Å"if allegory is structured by a fundamental foreignness between its literal and proper meanings, it is also characterized by that zone of error through which we have described foreignness.†She then relays the fact that Heraclitus and Philo both originally used the term allegory â€Å"to designate thought tinctured by uncertainty.†She also writes â€Å"Coetzees text not only dramatizes the zone of error that characterizes both â€Å"literal† and literary foreignness, but insists that a consequential relationship exists between them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Literary† foreignness, while inevitable when writing about events that havent happened to us, is the same problem that Gallagher wrote of: the problem of writing about something that we have chosen to distance ourselves while still maintaining a degree of authority. It is ironic that objectification is inevitable to establish â€Å"truth† when it may not actually be there while at the same time creating a sense of detachment that can cause the â€Å"truth† to be elusive in the first place. After all, allegory really only has truth in regards to itself (tautologous), and may not actually apply to the real situation it is purporting to describe. Saunders makes comparisons between the reportial language that Colonel Joll uses in his dealings with torture and the very idea of allegory: â€Å"It is a language in which every trace of foreignness has been deported: direct, literal certain. And that certainty is fortified by a careful management of context.† This management of context is what allows Coetzee to pass judgment with certainty. The third critical source I will examine is Barbara Ecksteins â€Å"The Body, The Word, and the State: J.M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians.† She writes that the novel â€Å"is about language and the body in pain†¦[and] if its ending is desolate, it is so with a particular and moral-centered skepticism.†Even though the Magistrate comes to realize the error of his ways, his narrative still labels the native people â€Å"barbarians,† and thus he demonstrates his inability to â€Å"undo his habits of being. Neither as character nor as narrator does the magistrate point to the keen irony so evident in the etymology of the word â€Å"barbarian,†Ã¢â‚¬ namely, that which is not of the Empire. This is an example of how some degree of objectification is necessary: in order to maintain distinction between himself and the girl, the magistrate uses a term which does nothing but keep her at arms length. He cant even be concerned with her name, because doing so would cause her to cease to be different in any real sense of the word. As Eckstein puts it, â€Å"Imperialism is an assertion of objectivity†¦that converts anxiety about ones arbitrary location in time and space into an assertion that if nowhere is my home, everywhere is my home†¦. If I am there, you are other.†Objectification, here in the form of political definitions of â€Å"race† â€Å"serves imperialism and torture.†By employing objectification in defining the other, it claims to possess the same kind of certainty when defining the self. This certainty is that of distinction. â€Å"In demonstrating the differences within civilization and barbarity, animal and angel, the novel asserts one kernel of certain truth,† Eckstein writes. She then evokes the Magistrate: â€Å"Pain is truth; all else is subject to doubt†She then lays out the full â€Å"lesson;† â€Å"Torture produces the truth, for it produces pain, and pain is certain presence.† What has been said about the necessity of objectification? Patricia Sanborn writes, â€Å"The use of language to refer to the self necessitates some objectification.†She then writes, â€Å"In a study of which the self is the object, it is evident that the self is a certain kind of object. It does not lose its uniqueness because of the fact that other phenomena can also be objects.†Since, in writing about the self and our relation to the â€Å"other,† we inevitably treat these things as objects of inquiry, the first step in understanding anything, we have to accept that there is a degree of error that may be involved. Since we cant experience what others experience subjectively, our only other option is to objectify them. Coetzees novel is itself an objectification about the subject of objectification. It uses objectifying language because it is forced to by the subject matter. In order to discuss the suffering of the other, we first must distinguish the other fro m ourselves. Only then can we hope to understand our relationship with the other, and thus with ourselves (because everyone is someone elses â€Å"other†). It would seem thus, that the concept of identity and that of objectification are inexorably linked. In order to establish the identity of the self, you must first distinguish that of the other in reference to yourself. J.M. Coetzee, in writing his novel, demonstrates that, for all our moral dilemmas of objectification, we cant help but do it and say anything definitive about the world. Another persons pain is another persons pain, and we cant really experience it first-hand. We know for certain, subjectively, how we feel when we are in pain, but we cant know that of others, nor can we describe our subjective experience to them in any vivid sense of the word. Can we escape the need to objectify? No. Does this make us evil? No, just not omniscient. We only have simple human methods of understanding at our disposal, and we have to make due. Our human methods of understanding involve primarily language. Truths realized with a certain degree of dramatic (i.e. emotional) impact tend to have more poignancy. By choosing to use objectification language, Coetzee is trying specifically to cause an emotional response in the reader. We are supposed to be appalled, but in the end, we remain detached from the suffering because we know that its only fiction, even though it relates to the very real plight of those suffering under Apartheid. We are thus left wondering just how exactly we are supposed to feel about suffering that we dont â€Å"know.† In conclusion, J.M. Coetzees novel is notable for taking on the issue of inevitable objectification when dealing with the suffering of the â€Å"other.† His use of objectification language is poignant because it is necessary. We, as readers, are just as guilty of objectifying the barbarians, and thus detaching ourselves from their suffering as the Imperials in the book. Just as they arent â€Å"real† in the senses that are they are fictional, the barbarians arent real in the book because theyve been given that identity by the Imperials. They exist then in limbo, out of reach, but not too far removed from us.

Phytoremediation :: essays research papers

Introduction: In recent years it has become clear that some environmental chemicals can cause risks to the developing embryo and fetus. Evaluating the developmental toxicity of environmental chemicals is now a prominent public health concern. The suspected association between TCE and congenital cardiac malformations warrants special attention because TCE is a common drinking water contaminant that is detected in water supplies throughout the U.S. and the world. There is a lot of concern about the clean up of toxic pollutants from the environment. Traditional methods for cleaning up contaminated sites such as dig and haul, pump and treat, soil venting, air sparging and others are generally harmful to habitats. Some methods strip the soil of vital nutrients and microorganisms, so nothing can grow on the site, even if it has been decontaminated. Typically these mechanical methods are also very expensive. Most of the remediation technologies that are currently in use are very expensive, relatively inefficient and generate a lot of waste, to be disposed of. Cleaning up contamination: Phytoremediation is a novel, efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost technology, which uses plants and trees to clean up soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and/or organic contaminants such as solvents, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic compounds from contaminated environments. This technology is useful for soil and water remediation. Mechanisms: Phytoremediation uses one basic concept: the plant takes the pollutant through the roots. The pollutant can be stored in the plant (phytoextraction), volatized by the plant (phytovolatization), metabolized by the plant (phytodegradation), or any combination of the above. Phytoextraction is the uptake and storage of pollutants in the plants stem or leaves. Some plants, called hyperaccumulators, draw pollutants through the roots. After the pollutants accumulate in the stem and leaves the plants are harvested. Then plants can be either burned or sold. Even if the plants cannot be used, incineration and disposal of the plants is still cheaper than traditional remediation methods. As a comparison, it is estimated a site containing 5000 tons of contaminated soil will produce only 20-30 tons of ash (Black, 1995). This method is particularly useful when remediating metals. Some metals are also being recycled from the ash. Phytovolatization is the uptake and vaporization of pollutants by a plant. This mechanism takes a solid or liquid contaminant and transforms it to an airborne vapor. The vapor can either be the pure pollutant, or the plant can metabolize the pollutant before it is vaporized, as in the case of mercury, lead and selenium (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997; Black, 1995; Wantanbe, 1997).

McGregor’s Theory X and Y Essay

The foundation of McGregor’s theory has direct links to Taylor’s study of scientific management: a study of scientific management as a link between human beings and their jobs which in turn need to be re-constructed to maximise efficiency (Waddell et al. 2007, p. 43). Many researchers and scholars have developed theories based on the work of F.W. Taylor. McGregor, Maslow and others who assisted to improve the view of human relation tried to prove that there is another side to the traditional perspective of workers (Bartol and Martin 1998, p. 52).This literature review will be focusing on the evolution of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory. Moreover will be explaining the definition of X and Y theory and its relevance to 21st century. McGregor proposed two contrasting sets of managerial assumptions about the workers. He further examined taking Taylor’s traditional view of workers and Mayo’s human relation approach into consideration, which he labelled Taylor’s view as ‘Theory X’ and as Mayo’s view as ‘Theory Y’ (Montana and Charnov 2000, p. 25). [ (Stephen P.Robbins) ] However, ‘both these theories have the common definition of functions of manager: management is responsible for organising the elements of productive enterprise- money, materials, equipment, and people- in the best interest of economic ends’. Main differences in these two theories are the assumptions (Urwick 1970, p .1). McGregor with his experience as a manager and as a psychologist, observed the behaviour and attitude of the workers (Daft.2003, p. 47). According to Kopelman, Prottas and Davis (2008, p 1) Theory X represents that workers generally dislike work, are irresponsible, ar e lethargic and require close supervision. In contrast, Theory Y denotes that individuals are generally creative, innovative, accept responsibility and believe work is a natural activity. Furthermore, his observations on the classical and the behavioural approaches to understanding workers were found different. He paired up his theories to the work of Abraham Maslow, where he compared the higher needs put forward by Abraham Maslow such as self-actualization, to a Theory Y leadership style, and lower needs such as physiological and safety, to the Theory X leadership style (Bartol and Martin 1998, p. 51). Theory X is referred to as optimistic and Theory Y as pessimistic (Montana and Charnov 2000, p 26), others labeled Theory X as negative and Theory Y as positive (Robbins et al.1998, p 202) and according Schein (1970, p.5) McGregor called Theory X as â€Å"hard approach† and Theory Y as â€Å"soft approach†. According to McGregor (1960, p. 33-35), the assumptions of Theory X are that individuals by nature do not like to work and will avoid it if possible. Furthermore, human beings do not want responsibility and desire precise guidance. Additionally, the workers put their own concerns above that of the organization and by nature they are resistant to changes. Finally, human beings are taken for granted to be easily manipulated and controlled. According to Boddy and Paton (1998, p. 201) it is of practice with Theory X philosophy to include time registration, supervision, quality checked by a superior as assigned in job description. The main focus of Theory X is that of external control, by systems, procedures or supervision. They believed that managers who accepted Theory X view would be inconsiderate in accepting aptitude of a normal human being (Boddy and Paton 1998, p. 200). Managers who assign to Theory X are expected to practice authoritarian style (Lewis, Goodman and Fandt 1998, p. 56). By contrast, Theory Y has assumptions which is completely opposite of Theory X. As per Theory Y, work is natural, and tries to occupy them actively and enjoy too. Furthermore, workers do not require detailed supervision and they are self-motivated. Additionally, it assumes that they work innovatively and creatively. If people are given a chance to prove their competency they are ambitious to solve problems and help their organizations meet their goals (McGregor 1960, p. 47-48). Managers who hold the belief in Theory Y are likely to exercise a participatory style, discussing with their subordinate voicing their opinion, and encouraging them to take part in decision making (Lewis, Goodman and Fandt 1998, p. 56). Management’s main aim is to structure a proper working environment in order to achieve their higher-order personal goals by achieving organizational objectives (Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker 2007, p. 205). The organizations of 21st century are in a more dynamic world where technology, education and research and better economic conditions are vastly improving. It becomes gradually more important for managers to hold the set of assumptions about human behaviour that McGregor has proposed in his Theory If an individual holds Theory X assumptions then he will not be logical and responsive to data, therefore, will have limited choice of managerial style. In regard to Theory Y, he can wisely choose from variety of options (Schein 1975, p. 7). Having worked for 15 years in many types of organization, Schein (1975, p. 3) believes that organizations need more Theory Y managers at all levels especially at higher levels. However, few companies still practice Theory X management (Daft 2003, p.48), but many are applying Theory Y concept of management such as Hewllet Packard (Waddell et al. 2007, p. 56) and SOL cleaning service, and it has proved to be a success. They consider everyone equal and value each employee’s contribution (Daft 2003, p.48). According to Kochan, Orlikowski and Gershenfeld (2002, p.4) assumptions characterizing twentieth century refers to Theory X and twenty first century organization’s characteristics refer to Theory Y were explained using people, work, technology leadership and goals. Many organizations have realised the importance of the human capital and are currently try to adopt to change themselves as they recognize. McGregor argued that modern organizations do not take into account the innovativeness of workers. In order to utilize these valuable assets, managers need to provide employees to use their expertise. Thus, provide and create conditions that integrate individual and organisational goals (Boddy and Paton 1998, p. 200-201). McGregor believed that people in twenty first century are more educated and affluent and they are more self controlled (Hersey, Blanchard and Johnson 2001, p. 60). Hence, most of the modern organisations strongly practices management by delegating authority, job enlargement, making work more interesting, with increased level of responsibilities and their share of information and innovations regarding the work content, work design and results (Montana and Charnov 2000, p. 25). Finally, in order to measure the performance of the individual, the organisations have appraisal system which evaluates their performances annually or semi-annually. For example, companies such as General Mills, Ansul Chemicals, and General Electric have been experimenting with performance appraisal approaches (Ott, Parkes and Simpson 2003, p. 168). These managerial propositions are associated best with the Theory Y management style. According Lorshe and Morse (cited in David and Robert 2000, p. 202) in their research of four companies and concluded that successful company in the normal business used a consistent Theory X style and the other in the creative business used theory Y .These theories may be applicable to some organizations and to some cultures. In article, peoples Republic of China, being a communist country has practiced Theory X in the past and has adopted to practice Theory Y style with a productive result (Oh 1976, p. 1). In summary, Theory X and Theory Y have significant impact on modern management styles. The assumptions of these two theories hold the extreme ends and McGregor assumed that people’s behaviour is strongly influenced by their beliefs. His theories have been labelled relating to Taylor and Mayo’s work. As in my opinion there is no one best theory which may fit all organizations. However, more in depth research need to be undertaken to identify and prove which theory does best fits. According to Boddy and Paton (1998, p. 202) many argue that both these theories may be inappropriate in some situations. â€Å"Theory Y is a theory of human motivation, not a theory of how to manage or run an organization† (Schein 1975, p. 1). References Waddell, D, Devine, J, Jones, GR & George, JM 2007, Contemporary Management, McGraw-Hill Irwin, North Ryde. Bartol, KM & Martin, DC, Management, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Co, Boston Montana, P & Charnov, B 2000, Barron’s Management, 3rd edn, Hauppauge, N.Y Daft, RL 2000, Management, 6th edn, Thomson learning, Ohio Robbins, SP, Millett, B, Cacioppe, R & Marsh TW 1998, Organizational behaviour: Learning and managing in Australia and New Zealand, 2nd edn, Prentice Hall, Sydney McGregor, D 1960, The human side of enterprise, McGraw-Hill book company, New York Boddy, D & Paton, R 1998, Management: an introduction, Prentice Hall Europe, London Lewis, PS, Goodman, SH & Fandt, PM 1998, Management: Challenges in the 21st century, 2nd edn, South-Western College Pub, Cincinnati Bloisi, W, Cook, CW & Hunsaker, PL 2007, Management and organisational behaviour, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill, Berkshire Hersey, P, Blanchard, KH & Johnson, DE 2001, Management and organizational behaviour : leading human resources, 8th edn, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River Kopelman, RE, Prottas, DJ & Davis, AL 2008, ‘Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y: toward a construct†valid measure’, Journal of Managerial Issues, vol. 20, no. 2, 255†271, retrieved 22nd March 2011, Ebsco Host Ott, JS, Parkes, SJ & Simpson RB 2003, Classical reading in organizational behaviour, 3rd edn, Thomson/Wadsworth, Belmont Schein, EH 1975, ‘In defence of Theory Y’, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 1, p17-30, retrieved 22nd March 2011, Ebsco Host Oh, TK 1976, ‘Theory Y in People’s Republic of China’, California Management Review, Vol. 19, Issue 2, p77-84, retrieved 22nd March 2011, Ebsco Host Urwick, LF 1970, ‘Theory Z’, SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 35, Issue 1, p14, retrieved 28th March 2011, Ebsco Host Kochan, T, Orlikowski,W & Gershenfeld JC 2002, ‘Beyond McGregor’s Theory Y:Human Capital and Knowledge-Based Work in the 21st Century Organization’, retrieved 24th March 2011, http://mitsloan.mit.edu/50th/pdf/beyondtheorypaper.pdf

Free Essays on Gender Roles

Child’s play has been a part of our culture since the beginning of time and is distinguished as a part of growing up. The world of play is an important aspect in the lives of our children. It is an introductory step into adulthood. When asked the question: Does swapping toys change the basic differences in the ways the genders approach play, my answer would have to be that it doesn’t. Our biological make-ups have created boys and girls to have very distinctly different characteristics. These characteristics are very innate and draw a fine line between the way we behave. Girls on one hand have more caring and nurturing qualities. They tend to be more loving and understanding and that is why they were given the role of mothers. Boys on the other hand are a hard, coarse type and are ever more competitive than girls. This aggressive behavior is a direct result from higher testosterone levels found in boys. These considerably different characteristics play an important role in the way genders perceive and approach play. For example, let’s say that a little boy is having a tea party with his younger sister. The sister would almost certainly perceive the play to be a formal gathering in which everything is nice and pleasant. The little boy, on the other hand, would see it as a bunch of cowboys, in a sense, bellying up to the bar. Whatever the circumstance s, the characteristics of children’s genders will guide their imaginations. Growing up in my family, I had two brothers and one sister. Sometimes my parents would give us the same types of toys to play with. I remember we all had toy trucks at one time. We boys would use our trucks to play in the mud, have races, and just do the things boys are meant to do. My sister on the other hand would use her truck to carry her family of dolls. We also all had blankets. My brothers and I would make tents in the living room and pretend as if we were camping in the woods, whil... Free Essays on Gender Roles Free Essays on Gender Roles In today’s growing population, gender roles are always playing major parts in our way of life. Through observation and general knowledge I think that certain gender roles are absent in single parented families. For instance, if there is a single mother who is the primary care taker, then a father figure is not always present and vice versus. I think this leaves the parent under a lot of pressure to provide their children with both a motherly figure and fatherly figure. For instance, in the story written by Tillie Olsen, a young girl is being described as being somber, depressed, thin, frail, and troubled due to lack of attention from both a mother and a father as a child. In this story there is evidence of absence of both parental figures. Emily the young girl being discussed in this story had a mother who is described as being young and distracted for most of Emily’s early stages of childhood, who also had a father that left the family when Emily wasn’t even a year old. Emily was neglected, put in day care, nursery school, sent off with relatives, and sent away to a convalescent home. Thus, leaving her confused and depressed about her life. I think Olsen is trying to send a message through this story that motherhood is important in all childrens' lives. Children need a nurturing figure in their lives. Although Olsen is defining motherhood in this story as a negative aspect in Emily’s life, I think she is really trying t o indirectly convey the message that because this mother was absent for her daughter’s childhood she not acting like the normal adolescent female that she should be. Therefore, motherhood should be defined as a female parent who holds authority, maternal tenderness or affection towards children. A mother should also be impressive or contemptible and have role model qualities for her children to follow. Emily’s mother holds none of these traits for poor Emily, and Emily sees that. She is jealou... Free Essays on Gender Roles Women’s roles have changed tremendously throughout history and literature. Women have changed from the roles of submissive servants to powerful beings with the ability to show their leadership. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, which took place in Mesopotamia, the women’s role starts at the bottom and they are steadily trying to ‘climb’ to the top. They had to stay at home with their children, caring for them, and were expected to remain loyal to their husbands. They had no power, had no ‘voice’ in the society in which they lived, and were seen as ‘civilizers’ (Berliner). In the epic poem Gilgamesh, the role of the mortal woman was only to benefit and please men. Men had no consideration as to how she felt and gave her little or no recognition. A perfect example of a woman’s value is that the most respectable profession at the time this poem was written, was prostitution. The woman in this poem was portrayed in the form of a harlot. She was seen once and wasn’t even given a name. Because the harlot wasn’t given a name, and had very few speaking lines, I, and I’m certain anybody else that read Gilgamesh was unable to view the harlot as a person with emotions. She sorts of becomes and remains an object of male control. Each time she is spoken about in Gilgamesh, she is referred to as ‘woman’ as to say this is her name, and is commanded, not asked, to complete a task. When the trapper takes her to find Enkidu, whom she is seduce, he says to her, â€Å"Now woman, make your breasts bare, have no shame, do not dela y but welcome his love†(p.64). The harlot is only an object of male pleasure. This also shows how women began to use sex as a weapon. The harlot changes Enkidu from a wild man, almost an animal, into a more human companion of Gilgamesh. She has the power that men need to transform him into a character that will benefit, instead of destroying, the society that they have created. From the beginning of Enkidu’s... Free Essays on Gender Roles Child’s play has been a part of our culture since the beginning of time and is distinguished as a part of growing up. The world of play is an important aspect in the lives of our children. It is an introductory step into adulthood. When asked the question: Does swapping toys change the basic differences in the ways the genders approach play, my answer would have to be that it doesn’t. Our biological make-ups have created boys and girls to have very distinctly different characteristics. These characteristics are very innate and draw a fine line between the way we behave. Girls on one hand have more caring and nurturing qualities. They tend to be more loving and understanding and that is why they were given the role of mothers. Boys on the other hand are a hard, coarse type and are ever more competitive than girls. This aggressive behavior is a direct result from higher testosterone levels found in boys. These considerably different characteristics play an important role in the way genders perceive and approach play. For example, let’s say that a little boy is having a tea party with his younger sister. The sister would almost certainly perceive the play to be a formal gathering in which everything is nice and pleasant. The little boy, on the other hand, would see it as a bunch of cowboys, in a sense, bellying up to the bar. Whatever the circumstance s, the characteristics of children’s genders will guide their imaginations. Growing up in my family, I had two brothers and one sister. Sometimes my parents would give us the same types of toys to play with. I remember we all had toy trucks at one time. We boys would use our trucks to play in the mud, have races, and just do the things boys are meant to do. My sister on the other hand would use her truck to carry her family of dolls. We also all had blankets. My brothers and I would make tents in the living room and pretend as if we were camping in the woods, whil... Free Essays on Gender Roles In the article â€Å"Incarcerated Mothers† a lot of valid points and strong arguments are made. We learn in the beginning of the article that majority of the women in prison are mothers, and their needs are often neglected. Women’s healthcare needs and services are often ignored compared to male inmates. Majority of women mothers take care of themselves and abide by the rules simply to get out of prison as soon as possible so that they can see their children. Would it be a different case if we were discussing fatherhood? Yes, I think it would. For instance, incarcerated males receive many of the necessary services, such as, medical, dental, recreational, vocational, and educational services. However, does the male population of inmates deserve to have these benefits? I think that the men take advantage of these benefits. I do not think the main thing on their mind is getting out of prison to see their children. Many of them may not even know they have kids, they may be in jail for sexual abuse and therefore not care about their offspring. For instance, on page 262 the given quote is saying that men get in trouble for more harsh things, they try to escape, they don’t wear the proper clothes that they are supposed to, they get in fights with one another, and are rowdy compared to the women who abide by the rules and are quite so that they can go home and see their families. Clearly, if men are acting in such a manner then they are not concerned about acting properly in prison so that they can get out and get back to their families. Fathers in prison don’t necessarily have to prove themselves worthy of fatherhood, they don’t have to prove competency. Where as mothers have to prove this without expecting support for their mothering role. It is terrible to see that men don’t have to work as hard to get out to see their children. Both genders should have to equally prove themselves worthy of being a parent rather than t... Free Essays on Gender Roles Gender Roles(Human Sexuality) Gender Roles While I was growing up, gender roles were highly defined by my parents and teachers as well as all other societal influences. Boys were taught to do boy things and girls were taught to do girly things. The toys that children play with and the activities that are encouraged by adults demonstrate the influence of gender roles on todays youth. In my formative years, the masculine traits that I learned came out because of the activities that my parents had me engage in and the things that they expected from me. The expectations that my parents held for my sister, on the other hand, varied from those that they had for me, and this was made apparent through the different activities that occupied her time. My parents treated us in completely different regard. We had different toys, different friends, and we were supposed to like different things. When I got hurt my parents would say things like shake it off, or that didnt hurt that much, but when my sister would cry, they would gi ve her attention and pull her aside to take care of her. I got into a lot more trouble throughout my life than my sister and this was, in part, overlooked as the boys mischievous nature. I played with GI Joes and He-Man action figures, while my sister played with Barbie Dolls. I remember when she and I would play together and the GI Joes would be married to the Barbie Dolls. When I made the action figures fight over the Barbie Dolls, my sister would always get mad. She was more interested in the wedding ceremony. My parents always encouraged me to do things like skateboard, ride my bike, or take karate classes. My sister would jump rope or hullahoop. I remember when my sister wanted to skateboard because I was doing it and my parents would not let her because they said she would get hurt. My mother would cook with my sister, but never with me. My dad would take me to basketball and soccer games. When youre ... Free Essays on Gender Roles In today’s growing population, gender roles are always playing major parts in our way of life. Through observation and general knowledge I think that certain gender roles are absent in single parented families. For instance, if there is a single mother who is the primary care taker, then a father figure is not always present and vice versus. I think this leaves the parent under a lot of pressure to provide their children with both a motherly figure and fatherly figure. For instance, in the story written by Tillie Olsen, a young girl is being described as being somber, depressed, thin, frail, and troubled due to lack of attention from both a mother and a father as a child. In this story there is evidence of absence of both parental figures. Emily the young girl being discussed in this story had a mother who is described as being young and distracted for most of Emily’s early stages of childhood, who also had a father that left the family when Emily wasn’t even a year old. Emily was neglected, put in day care, nursery school, sent off with relatives, and sent away to a convalescent home. Thus, leaving her confused and depressed about her life. I think Olsen is trying to send a message through this story that motherhood is important in all childrens' lives. Children need a nurturing figure in their lives. Although Olsen is defining motherhood in this story as a negative aspect in Emily’s life, I think she is really trying t o indirectly convey the message that because this mother was absent for her daughter’s childhood she not acting like the normal adolescent female that she should be. Therefore, motherhood should be defined as a female parent who holds authority, maternal tenderness or affection towards children. A mother should also be impressive or contemptible and have role model qualities for her children to follow. Emily’s mother holds none of these traits for poor Emily, and Emily sees that. She is jealou... Free Essays on Gender Roles Abstract: Why do we put so much emphasis on gender? From the moment children are born they are classified as male or female, boy or girl. They are dressed in pink and blue so that others can tell them apart. One of the most noticeable characteristics between all people is the fact that some are male and some are female. How society views them is termed gender roles. When a baby is born, the doctor looks at the proud parents and says three simple words: â€Å"It’s a boy,† or â€Å"It’s a girl!†. This is such a happy time in the parents’ life. But before a newborn child even takes his or her first breath of life outside the mother’s womb, he or she is distinguishable and characterized by gender. â€Å"We have a strong need to classify that baby as male or female so we know how it fits in, so everything will be in its place and make sense.† (io.com/~wwwave/men/roles.html) The baby is then brought home and dressed in clothes that help friends, family, and even strangers identify the sex of the child. Baby boys are dressed in blue and baby girls are dressed in pink. As the boy begins to grow, he is given cars and trucks to pay with. The girl is given dolls and Barbie’s to play with. When they get older, boys are encouraged to play sports. Girls are encouraged to join classes such as Home Economi cs. This sounds pretty normal, right? But the question is: What is normal? When each of us was in our mother’s womb and shortly after we were conceived we did not have anything or anyone influencing the way we acted. After birth within a couple of months, although we do not remember but we can observe, our fathers and mothers were bearing an influence on our lives. â€Å"Our parents are the first significant others who teach us our part in this symbolic division of the world. Their own gender orientations have become so firmly embedded that they do much of this teaching without even being aware of what th... Free Essays on Gender Roles Gender Essay In America’s pastime, a common stereotype has been that mother’s are always the better parent. For this reason mothers often are the recipient of the children in a custodial battle. The sad fact is that custody is frequently granted without any regard to who is actually the better parent and what is truly best for the children. In the essay I, Am a Good Parent by Dorsett Benett , Benett writes about his personal case with his former wife and what he went through. The big issue with Bennett and his essay is that people still have the same view as they did years ago which is men are the working figures while women are the ones who stay home and take care of the kids. Times have changed and women are now working and men are taking the roles that women once had. Although it is very hard to imagine society has changed. Particularly in Bennett ‘s case he is trying to get custody of his children. He put his case together very well, he video typed testimonials from witnesses. Bennet says â€Å"The state legislature can pass laws that says neither parent is favored because of their gender. But it is judges who make the ultimate choice.†(Across Cultures,105).Most judges are older and have the perspective from the times where women were home and nurtured the children. This makes a difference in the decision the judge will have. In the trial Bennett’s ex-wife argument was â€Å"I am their mother†.(Across C ultures106). Although Bennett had a good case and a better custody evaluation than his ex-wife ,the judge still granted the mother custody.... Free Essays on Gender Roles Gender Roles By: Anonymous Question at Issue Affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. The tension of the 1960's civil rights movement had made it very clear, that the nation's minority and female population were not receiving equal social and economic opportunity. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chose to ignore. However, there are many people that don't see affirmative action as a positive solution to this major societal problem of racial inequality. These people feel that Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination in the workplace. The Enthymeme Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because Affirmative action makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose simply the best employee. A= Affirmativ e action v1= uses B= reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination Because A= Affirmative action v2= makes C= employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose the best available employee. Assumption: Anything that makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having to simply choosing the best available employee uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Assumption and Audience The assumption for this paper will appeal to employees who do not qualify for Affirmative action, as well as employers and minorities. Employees not qualifying for Affirmative action feel shortchanged due to the fact employers, for a lesser skilled employee, bypassed them. They feel tricked by the government or the minority therefore firing up racism among the bypassed group, while Affirmat...

Free Essays on Representations Of Race And Ethnicity In Film

Introduction The issue of representing race and ethnicity is a controversial one. While ethnicity and race are related concepts, the concept of ethnicity is rooted in the idea of societal groups, marked especially by shared nationality, tribal afilliation, religious faith, shared language, or cultural or traditional origins and backgrounds. Whereas race is rooted in the idea of biological classification of homo sapiens to subspecies according to morphological features such as skin color or facial characteristics. "Ethnicity" is sometimes used as a euphemism for "race". It is a term also used to justify real or imagined historic ties as well. Ethnicity goes far beyond the modern ties of a person to a particular nation (e.g., citizenship), and focuses more upon the connection to a perceived shared past and culture . Many representations of race and ethnicity are created and shaped by popular culture and media. In the film ‘Black Rain’, the concepts of race and ethnicity are represented to show the conflict between two races; namely the Mongoloid race and the Caucasian race. This paper will aim to criticize these representations in light of related readings in order to question these representations. I will start by examining the representations for the Mongoloid race, followed by the Caucasian race. Due to the length limit of this paper, only the most important points will be discussed and even so, in summary. Inferior Mongoloid Race In the film ‘Black Rain’ the Mongoloid race is represented and portrayed as inferior to the Caucasian race. The film is in fact a result of Orientalism; orientalism being the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient (Mongoloid race) – dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it: in short, Orientalism as a Western (Caucasian) style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Or... Free Essays on Representations Of Race And Ethnicity In Film Free Essays on Representations Of Race And Ethnicity In Film Introduction The issue of representing race and ethnicity is a controversial one. While ethnicity and race are related concepts, the concept of ethnicity is rooted in the idea of societal groups, marked especially by shared nationality, tribal afilliation, religious faith, shared language, or cultural or traditional origins and backgrounds. Whereas race is rooted in the idea of biological classification of homo sapiens to subspecies according to morphological features such as skin color or facial characteristics. "Ethnicity" is sometimes used as a euphemism for "race". It is a term also used to justify real or imagined historic ties as well. Ethnicity goes far beyond the modern ties of a person to a particular nation (e.g., citizenship), and focuses more upon the connection to a perceived shared past and culture . Many representations of race and ethnicity are created and shaped by popular culture and media. In the film ‘Black Rain’, the concepts of race and ethnicity are represented to show the conflict between two races; namely the Mongoloid race and the Caucasian race. This paper will aim to criticize these representations in light of related readings in order to question these representations. I will start by examining the representations for the Mongoloid race, followed by the Caucasian race. Due to the length limit of this paper, only the most important points will be discussed and even so, in summary. Inferior Mongoloid Race In the film ‘Black Rain’ the Mongoloid race is represented and portrayed as inferior to the Caucasian race. The film is in fact a result of Orientalism; orientalism being the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient (Mongoloid race) – dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it: in short, Orientalism as a Western (Caucasian) style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Or...

Women in Vietnam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Women in Vietnam - Research Paper Example This reason makes historians refer to the war as a cold war. The war took place in Cambodia and involved attacks and raids on rival groups. The rival groups in this case were the Americans and the people of South Vietnam. The war had search and destroy operations that served to show the amount of power that each group had over the other. The United States had its theory on the war as it saw it as a way of preventing the spread of communism to the west, as it preferred using the capitalism policy. The war thus had an important figure to the fighters as each tried supporting their policies. In the war, there were women that served to assist the actual fighters who were mostly men (Gunusky 37). Women were very influential in the development of the war. This is because they were there to offer their support which if lacking, the fighters on each side could not have fought as effectively as they did. The women were the soldier’s wives, sisters and even mothers taken up by the milit ary at that time to act as soldiers of war. They got training for all the missions that were to take place and thus were very skilled out in the field. The women had different roles in the war. There were those who were very talented in the field and had the rare opportunity to serve in the war as actual soldiers along their male counterparts. The women showed unending efforts and desire to help their sides win. For the women that were not strong or rather skilled enough to go out to the field and face the rivals in a live manner, they were delegated different aspects of work according to their intrinsic skills. One of the most identified roles that the women were given was the work of clinical attendants or rather they were given the job description of nurses (Tunner 76). The nurses had the strict and strenuous jobs of assisting wounded soldiers at the time when attacks took place. According to the communities that lived in the Vietnam region, they believed the work of nursing to b e a talent that runs in the family and hence most of the nurses that were taken in had to carry along other family members to assist in their works. Since the nurses were to take their activities to places where the war was directly taking place, they had to training on basic weaponry use in case of attack. Some of the nurses did not completely finish their nursing as they were taken in to a 10-day training camp at Ft. Sam Houston (Caylor 65). With this training, they could be part-time nurses but could also work the grounds in case there was a short of army officers to carry out an ambush due to factors such as death or general incapability. Before the war had become serious, the nurses were given a bulk of injured patients and instructed to cure them within a given time span. This was influential, as it would help them prepare both psychologically and physically for the type of work that they would be doing in the fields. When the war would get harder and the enemy groups getting close, there would be many casualties and thus the need of competence on the side of the nurses to help cure soldiers fast. Upon healing, the soldiers were required back on the field to continue with the war so as not to lender their side shorthanded due to lack of soldiers. The nurses also had basic training of how to use a compass and a radio alert. This was important because not every time could the soldiers manage to bring back the wounded soldiers to the camp base. With the compass and the radio, the soldiers in the field could make radio alerts to the nurses. The radios had different signals through which they had an open line of communication. They would ask for assistance and give the required directives and bearings (Neel 37). The women on the other hand with the

Social media Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social media - Research Proposal Example Significance of social media, its implications, and moderator role of age on implications of social media are discussed. Social media use is significant in the contemporary society because of the number of young people who use it and effects on the users. Children of as young as eight years use social media. Despite 13 years old limit for Facebook accounts, millions of children who are bellow this age use the media. Rate of the media usage is also high and many children have been harassed in the media (Georgia College, N.d.). Social media affects its users. A study on young women identified body dissatisfaction and eating disorders as some of the effects of social media (Perloff, 2014). Positive effects such as collaboration among students for knowledge development also exist (Tarantino, McDonough, & Hua, 2013). The social effects of social media however depend on users’ age. Younger people are likely to engage with the media for longer times and realize greater collaboration for knowledge development (Dominguez, Greene, Lawson, & Moreno, 2014; Holt, Shehata, Stomback, & Ljumberg, 2013). The moderator effects are however not consistent across applications (Eriksson, Luoma, & Krook, 2012). The study sought to discuss moderator effects of age on social media use, which is significant in the society. Children and adolescents have exclusive access to it and it have diverse effects such as lowering self esteem, influencing eating disorders, and influencing knowledge creation. Age moderates effects of social media but the moderator effect is not consistent. Social media use is popular among children and adolescents, it has positive and negative effects, and its use should be regulated to ensure optimal benefits. Eriksson, K., Luoma, A., & Krook, E. (2012). Exploring the abyss of inequalities: 4th international conference on well-being in the information society, WIS 2012, Turku, Finland, August